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June 14, 2006

Review: EcoKids: Raising Children Who Care for the Earth, by Dan Chiras

There is, in the environmental field, a perennial tension between academic and popular writing. I'm sure this tension is common as dirt in every field; the difference is, environmental theories and data might be required to, you know, save the human species or at least preserve our civilization in something approximating the luxury to which we have become accustomed.

So it's a dilemma. Most of the interesting, highly factual, detailed and innovative stuff is hidden away in academic journals where the only people who see it are other environmentalists. Popularizers are often roundly criticized for "dumbing it down" for a general audience.

Alas, today I find myself on the side of the snooty academic journals. Environmental theories and data need to be popularized, but not like this.

The basic idea is an interesting one. How does a concerned parent go about instilling environmental values in their children? Unfortunately, this book commits the cardinal sins of most parenting manuals: the answers are too simple, too pat, and therefore unlikely and not applicable to many situations. At times the advice veers into the outright bizarre, as when he advises parents to inculcate environmental values into other people's kids; on p. 104, he writes, "Teach them [your kids] to ask [their friends] questions. 'Wouldn't it be better if we recycled these pop cans rather than throwing them by the side of the road?' Or, 'Wouldnt' it be better if we walked to the skate park, rather than getting a ride from one of our parents?' Or, 'We're eventually going to run out of oil, so wouldn't it be better if we found environmentally friendly alternatives now?'"

Is it just me, or is it safe to say that a fourteen-year-old given to spouting these bon mots at his classmates would find himself shunned in the cafeteria in short order?

Some of his suggestions for parents are worse, for example, the list on pages 177 & 178 from his book titled Superbia!, on how to make the neighbourhood you live in sustainable:

"10. Create a neighbourhood mission statement.
"...16. Replace asphalt and concrete with porous pavers. [I'm so sure the Town would love it if we started ripping up the street.]
"...23. Establish alternative water and waste systems. [Sure! Because don't most of us own garbage trucks? And isn't a good weekend project to rip out a few miles of sewer pipe to refit it to a locally-built water treatment plant?]
"...28. Narrow or eliminate streets, converting more space to park or edible landscape, walkways and picnic areas. [Again, I have to think the Town would have something to say about that.]
"...30. Create a mixed-use neighbourhood. [What, you mean the people on my street should just up and decide to have a mixed-use neighbourhood? "Say, let's kick Joe and his family out of the house on the corner and turn it into a factory, and Susan and Paul at the other end can move into Mary and Joel's house and we'll turn the empty one into a grocery store."]
"...31. Foster diversity."

(sigh)

Maybe it's because I have experience and education in the area that I was so frustrated by the book; the environmental information was both too basic as well as outright wrong on occasion--for instance, when he claims that hydrogen is a root-level solution for air-pollution. Which it would be, if hydrogen weren't produced with electricity generated in coal-burning power plants. The root-level solution requires shutting down those coal plants and getting our electricity from somewhere else; then and only then will hydrogen be a clean fuel.

Too much of what was intended for the kids came off as preachy, and I can't see most kids swallowing it easily. That kind of child-programming is what leads to college-age rebellion, which isn't my goal or the goal of most parents reading the book, I imagine. I'd rather give my kids the information and help them learn to think critically and let them come to their own conclusions than try to stuff a pre-determined set of values down their throat, where they are sure to choke on it. My parents tried very hard to turn me into a Good Little Baptist Girl (tm); now I'm a witch. Didn't work very well. But taking me to the woods and sending me to camp turned me into an environmentalist even though they never once preached at me about it.

Or maybe I'm weird. But I've read now in several places (including this one) that surveys of well-known adult environmentalists in various fields consistently find that a universal or near-universal factor leading to their vocation is early positive childhood experiences in nature. So it seems that you can spend a lot of time outdoors and still grow up to be an anti-environmentalist, but if you don't get that experience, you almost certainly won't care deeply about the environment and turn that caring into consistent action.

There are some redeeming passages. There's a good list on pages 51-52 of developmentally-appropriate outdoors activities for kids by age. The list for kids age nine months to seven years includes getting a pet, visiting petting farms and zoos, local butterfly pavillions and reading animal stories. Doable, and not didactic. For ages 8-11, he recommends taking kids to local or State parks or forests, meadows, lakes, ponds, etc., and sitting still while they play however they like. I can see that.

Unlike, on page 52, "Sign your child up for a work trip with a local conservation group to build or repair trails or plant trees. Go along with your child, if possible, to share in the work and the fun. Talk about why you are doing it, especially the benefits your work will create."

Yeah. I'm sure kids would love that. And they wouldn't resent it at all, or be at all bitter, or decide to rebel by ripping out tree seedlings.

No, it's not as terrible as that; but the annoying parts were really annoying. The idea is a good one and a lot of the basic environmental information is decent, so if you are looking for an introduction to the issues and different actions to solve them, it's not bad. It isn't my favourite, but then, I've been reading this stuff for well over a decade now, so I'm pretty hard to please.

I'll leave you with something positive, if overly simplistic and preachy: The list from pages 161-162 of "Twelve high-impact activities" that families can stop doing to have a lighter touch on the earth, which by and large are both doable and applicable to a wide range of homes and family situations in a wide range of areas:

1. Use compact flourescent lightbulbs.
2. Add insulation to attic and walls, use insulated curtains and shades, do a blower door test and seal cracks and openings.
3. Keep the thermostat at 68F/20C in the winter and 78F/25C in the summer; plant shade trees to help keep the house cool in summer. [Note: if your big windows are right over the driveway, as mine are, this won't work for you.]
4. Install water-conserving fixtures and toilets and replace worn-out appliances with water- and energy-efficient models.
5. Water the lawn sparingly, early or late in the day; use grasses and plants that don't need a lot of watering.
6. Recycle everything.
7. Compost everything.
8. Eat more vegetables and less meat and eat organic. [I have so much to say in disagreement to this one; but it would be a post of its own.] Start a garden or join a community-supported agriculture group [those services that deliver a weekly or bi-weekly box of organic veggies to your door].
9. Carpool, ride your bike, walk or take the bus; use fuel-efficient cars when you need to drive.
10. Curb consumption.
11. Reduce pets.
12. Lose weight.

Oh lord, I can't end it on a high note after all, can I? Lose weight? His idea seems to be that if you're fat it's because you're eating more than your share, and if you cut back then naturally less will be grown, or your extra portions will somehow transport themselves to the plate of a hungry person in the third world. What's more likely is that the uneaten food will be thrown out. Ask a grocery store what happens with produce or meat left after its best-by date. (In some unscrupulous places they simply repackage the meat and stick a new sticker on it, but let's ignore that; usually, they pitch it.)

Really, it's not a terrible book; it's a lot like that list. You can read for a few pages where everything seems reasonable, but then, BAM! Some little nugget of kryptonite leaps out and smacks you in the face, leaving you slack-jawed and wondering if the whole thing is a spoof.


Posted by Andrea at June 14, 2006 7:21 AM under Books , The Green Toddler

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Terrific post!

Some days I get really down about what we're NOT doing to help the environment. Lately, I've been trying to celebrate the things we ARE doing to help. 1) We don't use leaf blowers, we use a broom. 2) We don't use our hose to clean our driveway, we use a broom. 3) I've got as much garden as I can manage to minimize the lawn that gets cut. etc. etc.

Posted by: Miche at June 14, 2006 7:54 AM

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just quickly here...what would reducing pets do for the earth? less kitty litter in the landfills i guess?

interesting comments...i guess i won't waste my money on that one since most of the good stuff you mention is just common sense to me! we're doing the majority of the stuff in the list. but meat...well, we love meat. carnivores r us...

Posted by: Tanya at June 14, 2006 9:58 AM

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I like everything you have to say here.

One thing that I think books like this miss -- and the magazine articles with titles like "10 steps to raising an environmentally-aware child" -- is that being environmentally aware is a particular way of seeing the world and not just 10 things you can do in your free time. You said it in your post about living locally. I think that if you know where you live, know the animals and plants and rocks and water and microclimates, and yes the people and sidewalks and roads and bridges, the dump and the treatment plant, then you are on the path to living in an "environmentally-aware" way. Because if you know those things and try to understand the way the systems interact, then you will be respectful of them and your actions are less likely to cause harm.

The road in front of my house has a drain; beside the drain is a picture of a fish and the words "drains to stream." So all of us know that what goes into that sewer doesn't go to a treatment plant, but instead runs right into the Deschutes River. My kids swim in the Deschutes River. It's less than a mile walk from my house. And so -- if we were better people, more careful people, when we wash our cars (as an example) we'd divert the water so it goes into our grass and not into the sewer. And then to keep from killing the grass we'd use as little soap as possible. In fact I think we'll try to do that this weekend. But anyway my point is that the more people know how things interconnect, and the more they have a stake in the places (eg my kids swim in that effluent, soap kills my grass), the more careful they will be.

This doesn't help all the problems, of course. It doesn't help certain systemic problems, like the fact that I drive my car because Bend's only alternate form of transportation is a bicycle. But to my mind it is the fundamental place to start.

Posted by: Jennifer at June 15, 2006 1:27 PM

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Umm, reduce pets? Loose weight? Is he serious? And all that neighbourhood stuff?? We have so far to go!! I'm lucky, however, to live in a province that has a mandatory Island wide recycling program. So far, PEI diverts over 64% of waste from landfills. Every household, business and school recycles paper, glass and metal. Food and certain papers are composted, and the rest of what is not able to be composted, reused or recycled is put in to the waste bin. Since Waste Watch started in 1995, over 1.1 billion pounds of resources have been diverted from landfill. My kids have an awareness of all this because it has been instilled in them since they were babies. We are fortunate that in PEI, most (children especially) are very environmentally aware I think mainly because it is just an accepted way of life and not crammed down their throats. I have a few friends who are completely off the grid, using wind energy as an alternative, and I am seeing more and more wind turbines going up on peoples properties (as well as a few businesses). The North Cape Wind Farm also helps, providing about 2% (about 2400 Island homes) with energy needs. While this is just a beginning, I really do think that as parents we can make a difference without being "preachy" by leading by example. I use cloth bags when I get groceries. We use natural cleaning products as much as we can. We plant organic, shop at the farmers's market so we don't have to buy so much pre-packaged stuff, etc... I guess all this is just to say that if everyone did just a little bit, it would help. I'm sure Mr. Chiras meant well, but I think I'll skip the book all the same.

Posted by: Amy at June 15, 2006 2:26 PM

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Tanya, I think the idea is that pets use resources that ought to be diverted to people: that we have too many pets and they eat too much food and take up too much space. But I disagree with him--I think pets can be a positive introduction to other animal species and to caring about species other than our own.

Amy, you live in PEI? I'm a little bit jealous. But I'm sure everyone who's ever read Anne has said the same thing.

Jennifer, I think you're absolutely right, and in fact I'm reading a book right now that makes exactly the same point (called LifePlace).

Miche, I agree. I think it's a little like getting in shape. You don't leap off the couch one day and say, "I'm going to compete in the 2008 Olympics!" No. You start with small successes and then build on them if you can.

Posted by: Andrea at June 15, 2006 8:50 PM

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Well, if you want to save that past-the-date food at the grocery store, you could always attempt to convince the manager/owner to donate it to a homeless shelter or soup kitchen. Same for off-season clothes at the clothing store, really.

It's disgusting that this stuff gets thrown out, and a number of stores will agree with you and do something about it if you present the option for them. (I used to actually get a lot of free food at Hale and Hearty Soups that way, simply by showing up late in the day and looking hungry. They fell all over themselves to give me the soup, bread, and fruit they otherwise would have to toss, either for free or at a deep discount.)

Posted by: Uly at June 17, 2006 11:47 PM

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