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July 9, 2008 forty-two*
It's been a long time since I've posted one of these--those of you who are more recent readers may never have seen one. This is a CDC growth chart for girls from the ages of 2 to 20. The thick black line is the 50th centile, or the average height for girls; the lines farthest outside represent the 97th and third centile lines, respectively. The orange blob is Frances's current height. (You can click on the picture to expand it; the thumbnail is a little blurry.) The history of Frances's growth (or lack thereof) has been obsessively documented over the past few years, and for those of you who are interested and haven't been reading since the beginning, there's a link, and here's one to an entry showing an old growth chart. But as you can see, Frances is not "normal," which has been defined by the wisdom of the statisticians for every human field as "between the third and the ninety-seventh percentile." She's not even close. She is, at four-and-a-half, approximately the same size as the average two-year-old, as I can see with my own eyes whenever we go to the park and some chubby stumbling toddlerish person of about the same height begins to follow her around. There's nothing wrong with "normal," and there's nothing wrong with "not normal," when used in the statistical sense; all they really indicate is how common something is. Clearly a child of Frances's age and size is not common; is, in fact, exceedingly rare, on the order of about one in ten thousand. Most of those children will have common forms of dwarfism (which is defined, again, as any condition resulting in an adult height of less than 4'10"), such as achondroplasia or hypochondroplasia. The ultimate cause of Frances's short stature is not likely to ever be known. Whatever it is is that rare. Even within the rarefied world of dwarfism, she is not normal. The problem begins when "normal" is conflated with "good" and "not normal" with "wrong," which is what often happens. "Normal" is a statistical term, when used properly; it should be not be a value judgment. No, Frances is not normal, but there is nothing wrong with her. I see strangers wrestle with this when they ask for her age. Some people (such as mike) believe that those who are not normal do not deserve to live. This becomes a statistical impossibility once you realize that however you constrict the gene pool, there will always by definition be a third and ninety-seventh percentile line, and by definition six per cent of the human race will always be outside those lines. If you eliminate the three shortest per cent of humans, or "fix" them to make them taller, all that will happen is that the third centile line on that chart will shift upwards, and three per cent of human beings will still be below that line--just a different three per cent, for different reasons. That's how statistics works. Here is where I am generally expected to make something like the following argument: "I don't care." (It's true, I don't, not anymore.) "Frances is bright, loving, affectionate, kind, funny, playful, well-behaved, polite, considerate and sweet. She has social gifts that will make up for whatever problems her height brings her." It's not that this isn't all true. It is. But it's often read, taken, or even intended, as if Frances's other gifts (or the other gifts of other not-normal children) somehow make up for whatever is seen as their primary defect. It's not that Frances's height then becomes unimportant so much as she is then seen to have earned the right to exist as a short person by having other things to offer in compensation for it. This bothers me. What if she were vicious, violent, or stupid? Would she then not have the right to live as a short person, because she can't make up for it by being more-than in some other sphere? What about autistic children? It often seems as if they 'earn' the right to be autistic if they have superior math skills. Children with Down syndrome seem to be able to 'earn' their lives by bringing happiness to other people. It isn't that the not-normal have a right to live because they are human, and alive, like the rest of us. Oh no. Think of the last time someone objected to an argument on eugenics on the grounds of "what if one of them is the one to cure cancer?" What if they are? What if they're not? Do people born different in whatever way need to earn their right to live by making an extraordinary contribution? Can't they just be alive like the rest of us are alive, to enjoy a beautiful sunny day, the taste of ice cream, holding a loved one's hand? How do you measure the worth of your own life? By whether or not you're going to cure cancer? Frances is nobody's object lesson. She is not here to teach you or me or anyone else anything at all. She doesn't have to make up for her small size by being sweet or sociable or smart. She is herself, as I am myself, and you are yourself, and no one has to do anything to validate their being. She is here to live a good life and be happy. Just like anyone else. "Normal" is not the same as "good" and "not normal" is not the same as "wrong." We need to be careful that whatever it is we're fixing isn't for the sake of our own comfort. We already have a good model of "fixing" in place, the disease model, in which things that cause human suffering for whatever reason are corrected. A cleft palate is repaired not because it isn't "normal" but because it causes difficulty in feeding. Is there suffering? If yes, fix it if you can. If not, don't. Suffering is subjective. It's possible that one person with, for example, autism, will feel that they suffer with it and want to take a cure if one becomes available, and that someone else with autism will not. Why does it need to be definitive? Why do we feel like we need to have The Answer on What To Do With Autism? Or deafness, Down syndrome, whatever. Fixing something implies it was broken; when it comes to people, it behooves us to be certain that there is something demonstrably broken before it is repaired. Or we risk trying to 'fix' what is already whole, and leaving all the brokenness in place--in ourselves, the beholders whose discomfort tells us that whatever is broken is at least in part in our own heads. ~~~~~ *It's an in-joke. Tell me if you get it in the comments section. This post is part of Julie's Hump Day Hmm for this week, on the subject of fixing people. Posted by Andrea at July 9, 2008 10:51 AM under Being Small EMAIL this entry (comments fields are below this section) Comments It is the meaning of life, of course (in reference to your title). Posted by: April at July 9, 2008 11:36 AM
42 is the answer! Don't know the question, though. :) My younger brother has Down Syndrome. He is high functioning enough to know he is different, but not high functioning enough to pass for "normal", and it does hurt him. I spent much of my early years frustrated by the two responses I got when people met him or heard about him - "Oh, I'm sorry!" (I wasn't - he was my brother!) and "Oh, he must bring such joy - Downs children are so loving!" (he fit in perfectly with the rest of us - quite happy to get into it with the rest of his siblings when the situation called for it). Normal is not something anyone can achieve. My brother would like to be closer to normal, since it would make life much easier. He wasn't sent here to teach us a lesson in caring or any of that BS. He is his own person. Every time someone says he was sent by god to teach us all how to be better people, I want to smack them. That's one reason I'm an atheist - any god who makes my brother suffer to teach other people a lesson is not one I am willing to believe in. Sorry, you got me up on my soapbox. I'll stop now. Normal is a social construct and it changes over time. If you look at the concept of beauty, it has changed. Brilliance was once knowing when to put seeds in the ground to miss the frost or the ability to create amazing art; these have morphed, too, and brilliance means something different. We need to be aware of people who fall outside "normal" as people. We may all end up outside of normal at some point. Posted by: Wendryn at July 9, 2008 11:42 AM
Photo caption: rage, rage, against the draining of the wading pool. Posted by: Madeleine at July 9, 2008 1:02 PM
I'm 42 so I guess I am the answer to life, the universe, and everything. You're right about all of this. A life is is life and all lives should be valued according to that fundamental principle. Of course, in society, they aren't. That's why we rarely hear about the murder of a prostitute on the news but we always hear about the murder of a child or a rich person. There is a grey area in all of this when it comes to treatment of ongoing conditions because as a society we don't simply look at the impact that a treatment might have on an individual but rather we look at the impact that treatment has on a community. In the case of a person with physical differences, whether a treatment is sought or rejected by a person should be of little or no concern to society. In the case of other conditions, such as schizophrenia, however, the needs and wants of the individual regarding treatment do need to be balanced out against the potential impact that a failure to treat would have on others. Where that line gets drawn, though, is an ethical slippery slope. Posted by: Mad at July 9, 2008 1:11 PM
So she's short? I haven't been reading your blog that long, but does she have any other medical "conditions"? If not, then she's just short. Just don't count on the basketball scholarship. Gymnastics on the other hand... EdT in their post talked about how not being "normal" was threatening to those who are. That's something to really think about. Great post! Posted by: melissaz at July 9, 2008 1:14 PM
It's interesting when someone writes something and here I am practically jumping up and down screaming That's it! She gets it! (42 days until you go back to school?) What's the prize??! :D Posted by: LauraJ at July 9, 2008 2:19 PM
Having a daughter who is also very small (her 18 month stats in May were 12lbs 5 oz and 26 inches long) I can appreciate where you are coming from. To me she is just my sweet daughter who is just like any other toddler, just a little smaller. Of course we are still seeing different specialists and they are now talking about a possible Russell-Silver diagnosis though I'm still not 100% convinced. Time will tell..... melissaz - The comment about not being "normal" threatening those that are is very interesting indeed. Sandra :o) Posted by: Sandra at July 9, 2008 2:57 PM
Life, the Universe, and Everything -- the answer to. This gets to it exactly. From the "numbers are just that" (if you chop the ends off a bell curve - you still get a curve), to "being different doesn't mean you need to make up for it." I'm at the other end of the curve from Frances, and by the numbers my daughter is even further off there. And while generally being tall is seen as less of a "problem," there's still the expectation that you must be *doing* something with it. Being good at basketball, for example. Lord help those of us who don't, or can't, put our differences to some good use for the rest of the world. Posted by: Sara at July 9, 2008 5:20 PM
The answer is 42, what we don't know is the question.... :) Posted by: Rachel at July 9, 2008 5:22 PM
This — the idea that we as individuals do not have to do something extraordinary to justify our existence — is something I've believed on principal for a long time, but am finally realizing I need to internalize for myself. Thank you for this excellently written post, Andrea. —Lou Posted by: Pork with Bones at July 9, 2008 5:39 PM
I can always count on finding something juicy on Wednesdays, and today I found seven somethings, including this. My how the concepts weave in my mind. I commented to Robert that sometimes "extraordinary" is simply a matter of expectations, and I commented to Ed T that expectations are a big question. Here, you sum those points up neatly, with a fancy stitch. We don't have to meet any particular set of shifting statistics to justify our existence as we are. I take your point about not confusing normal and not normal with right and wrong. I think my big question was: but what if in general we would agree that this not normal needs fixing, but then, discover, something beneficial from the not normal...do we sacrifice the individual to the greater good? I think what I did not manage to articulate until I began reading POVs is that I was really wondering when an individual is weighted more than the greater good. I think I was wondering because, as usual, I am struggling with what my family wants of me, which is in conflict with what I want. Is my drive, are my dreams broken, and does this situation need fixing? Of course it is always all about me. LOL But I am so glad everyone else kept it to the broader question because it helped me reframe the whole thing, bigger and beyond me. great post. Posted by: Julie Pippert at July 9, 2008 6:54 PM
As you may know, the "to fix or not to fix" debate can be an extremely heated one in the autism-sphere. Part of the problem (for parents of deaf children as well, even more so I suspect) is that parents must make decisions about how aggressively to remediate well before we can really know to what extent, if any, this particular person will want to be "cured". And it's such a delicate and risky game. The development of social awareness in autistic children can be a double-edged sword - the worst-case scenario is that the child becomes just socially aware enough to notice and suffer when he's being rejected. And there's some anecdotal evidence (including my own observation of Bub this year) to suggest that such social development can have a moderating effect on some of the academic abilities. So if I weren't prodding Bub to enter the social world, maybe he'd grow up to be a Ph.D. in math who lives happily in his little bubble, perfectly content to have no friends. There's no way to know if I'm making the right decisions, or which decisions will ultimately be most conducive to my son's happiness. I cope with that by focusing on what I think my job is. It's not to make him happy and it's definitely not to make him normal. It has more to do with fostering his ability to live life as fully as possible in every dimension: intellectual, social, spiritual, and emotional. Posted by: bea at July 9, 2008 7:24 PM
Excellent post! Sorry - brain dead and late here, but you really got some neurones going - unfortunately not the ones that formulate a cohesive and thought provoking comment, just one requiring a lot of backspaces. Posted by: jeanie at July 10, 2008 6:31 AM
42 is the answer to life and the universe! Posted by: jen at July 10, 2008 7:42 AM
The answer to life, the universe, and everything. Too bad we didn't find out the question. Posted by: kris at July 10, 2008 11:11 AM
As everyone else pointed out, 42 is the answer (and I am 42, so like Mad, I am apparently The Answer). And it's a shame we don't know the question, but hey, God apologizes for the inconvenience. This is such a great point you make -- about the "not-normal" having to "earn" the right to exist by being better or special in some way. Screw that. Your daughter is because she is, and that should be enough for anyone. Posted by: TrudyJ at July 10, 2008 11:23 AM
I think that one of the most beautiful things that people who don't fall in the usual statistics teach us is specifically that we don't have to do anything special to earn the right to live. Being alive, and all of us being different, we each earned the right to live by being born. Then, we each have our own special talents and whether or not we save the world, we have our out purpose and challenges and talents that really can't be done by anyone else. No one is just like someone else. We are each our own selves. Posted by: attachedparent at July 10, 2008 12:34 PM
As you pointed out, lo these many posts ago, there wouldn't even be an issue of Frances being small if the world weren't designed for a man who is 5'8", 160 lbs. Posted by: Liz at July 10, 2008 5:02 PM
I know I'm making this all too simple and kind of about me, me, me, but thank you for reminding me that Little Man (and Frances, OF COURSE!!) doesn't need to be "fixed." I need to fix my attitude toward his struggles and accept him the way he is. Posted by: Kia at July 10, 2008 7:01 PM
Sounds like this ties in with the theory of social currency (shorthand for the number of qualities, objects, traits, etc. that a person posesses which are valued by their society). The more social currency one posesses, the more likely they are to be valued by their society, which leads to them being treated well and gaining more social currency. In the case of anyone that is disabled or "not normal" for whatever reason, I think there is a tendency for "normal" people, out of pity, to try to imbue the not normal one with some sort of social currency, be it cuteness, prodigy with music, etc. The thing is, someone has to have enough social currency in the first place to even elicit that response. How many of us look at panhandlers and say "I bet he is really good at chess" or "look at that smile! He sure brightens everyone's day!". If someone's social currency level is too low, society tends to just reject them and blame them for their own lack. It's a theory that applies to all of us, normal or not. I think that anyone who spends time with or cares about someone not-normal (whether it's that they have a disease, like my husband, or are disabled in some way) instinctively adjusts their scale of social currency and realizes that it doesn't matter as much as they thought it did. Posted by: Abbey at July 11, 2008 11:40 AM
I was just having this conversation with a friend the other day - that others feel the need to quantify (or justify) her son's differences by adding in "but he's such a great kid!" instead of "AND he's such a great kid", as if his differences automatically take him down a notch, but adding in that "BUT" it makes it better. He isn't BUT, he is most definitely AND. Frances is most definitely AND as well. (also, for what it is worth, I have been reading, just not commenting...but think of you often!) Posted by: Carolyn at July 11, 2008 5:36 PM
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Change is God (Octavia Butler, Parable Series) "What is more mortifying than to feel you've missed the Plum for want of courage to shake the Tree?" Logan Pearsall Smith Email Frances! frances AT athenadreaming DOT org You can email her mother too (that's me):
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